Security and the protection of religious institutions has been a serious issue for the leadership of communities for many years. This is mainly due to the fact that the threat to a community touches every element in the community's existence i.e. education centers, synagogues, churches, mosques, pri [ ... ]

A paucity of accurate data on the physics and dynamics of VBIEDs results in calculations and assumptions being based on the well researched dynamics of military grade explosive devices.  Terror events around the world have shown that the efficacy of VBIEDs is generally significantly lower than  [ ... ]

A VBIED attack took place in Istanbul on 15 November 2003. Explosions of two separate VBIEDs 2-3 meters away from two synagogues on very narrow streets in Istanbul resulted in local collapse of the front part of very old one storey buildings and nearby two to three storey residential buildings on  [ ... ]

When designing protection measures to mitigate the threat of an explosive device, there is a lack of accurate data on which to base calculations and therefore assumptions have to be made. These assumptions may not be sufficiently close to reality when considering terror events and vehicle born im [ ... ]

The violent world in which we live presents a huge challenge to educational institutes.  Architects, security designers, school boards and parents all need to strike a balance between securing and protecting new and existing schools, while ensuring that they remain relatively open, pleasant a [ ... ]